Zimbabwe's Rugged Artisanal & Small-Scale Mining Sector

By
Kennedy Nyavaya

This analysis, available via the download link below, gives an insight of the organization, structure and legal framework of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in Zimbabwe with a special focus on the gold sector. It mainly looks at two areas, that is, Mazowe in Mashonaland Central and Kenzamba (Makonde) in Mashonaland West, where a couple of mines were visited in order to illustrate factors that constitute ASM work, which is a major part of the country’s mineral driven economy.

The findings are based on interviews with artisanal miners at the mining sites, stakeholders including representatives of civil society organizations as well as other individuals within the gold supply chain.


The interviews were complemented by news reports, legal documents and other public information.

Analysis by Kennedy Nyavava,
Photographs by Kuda Mushauri.

A local shows off the inside of a shaft he has mined in search of gold for years. As a result of careless gold extraction since the early 2000s, by people with little knowledge, most of the shafts look like death traps and have been left defunct because of fears that they might collapse.

A shaft like this usually has about five people working on it, with four inputting the labor including: digging, blasting, carrying the quarry etc. while another, called the “sponsor” provides the tools (he owns or hires), food and water among other needs during the extraction.

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